Clinical disclaimer

The information on this website is provided for general educational and informational purposes. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, prevent or provide individualized medical advice regarding any disease, injury or condition.

Use of this website does not establish a physician-patient relationship with Andrew Mark Klapper, MD, with Plastic Surgery Trauma Associates, or with any hospital, university or affiliated organization.

A clinical relationship exists only after appropriate evaluation and formal acceptance into care.

Clinical outcomes vary with the patient, the injury, the diagnosis, anatomy, medical condition, timing of treatment and many other factors.

Photographs, clinical examples, research findings, procedural descriptions, publications and discussions of technique do not guarantee that another patient will experience the same result.

Research described here should be read within the methodology, limitations, patient population and context of the original publication. Summaries on this site are not a substitute for the underlying peer-reviewed work, which is linked wherever one exists.

Clinical photographs and illustrations, where presented, are used for educational or professional purposes. They are not predictions of an individual outcome.

This website is not an emergency service and is not continuously monitored. For a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency service.

Patients and referring professionals should communicate through the practice, hospital or an appropriate secure clinical pathway. Do not submit medical records, photographs or sensitive clinical information through this website or by ordinary email. Seehealth information.