Andrew Mark
Klapper, MD

Board-Certified Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon

American Board of Plastic Surgery · Delray Beach, Florida

Andrew Mark Klapper photographed against a plain graphite background.
  • Naked New York

02 Trauma / Reconstruction

When closure is not enough.

Historical reference only. These outlets and programs do not endorse, sponsor or maintain any current affiliation.

Night view of a hospital emergency entrance: a fire rescue engine approaching along the roadway at left, and an ambulance with a stretcher team at the bay on the right.

03 Microsurgery

When millimeters determine function.

Two surgeons working through an operating microscope, heads lowered to the eyepieces.

Reconstruction is often decided in millimeters.

Microsurgery, tissue handling and blood supply can determine what can be preserved.

04 Built

When the tool does not exist.

Klapper surgical
instruments

Selected work

Named instruments developed to solve specific operative problems.

05 Latest research

When repair itself fails.

The latest chapter in a broader research record.

SMART Muscle Repair

A reconstructive technique developed for severe skeletal muscle disruption, first described in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery — Global Open.

Original technique
2026First peer-reviewed description of SMART Muscle Repair

Published clinical series

  • 0construct failures
  • 0infections
  • 8–12weeks to protected motion

Reported across 3 cases in the original publication

View all research & publications →

Medical illustration: three stages of the SMART technique applied to a transected forearm muscle.
Original illustration from the published technique

06 Teaching

When knowledge must be transferred.

Andrew Mark Klapper at a microsurgical laboratory bench, wearing loupes and holding microsurgical instruments.
Microsurgery laboratory, Beijing University

Teaching Microsurgery in Beijing

One month directing resident microsurgical laboratory training at Beijing University, China.

Spent one month running the university's microsurgery laboratory and providing hands-on microsurgical training to surgical residents.

07 Ground Zero · 2001

Participated in the deployment of the Bellevue Hospital plastic surgery team for Ground Zero triage response following the September 11 attacks.

Career archive →

  1. The site

    World Trade Center site in 2001: standing sections of the perimeter structure rising above the debris field, with smoke across the scene.
    World Trade Center site in 2001: the collapsed facade of the tower standing amid debris and smoke.
    World Trade Center site, 2001: the debris field with standing facade sections and recovery equipment.

    Original personal photography, World Trade Center site, New York, 2001.

  2. The team

    Bellevue Hospital plastic surgery and medical response team at the World Trade Center site, New York, 2001: seven people in scrubs and police uniform wearing respirators, photographed at night.
    World Trade Center site, 2001: emergency responders in reflective gear at the foot of the debris field at night, with a crane working behind them.

    Bellevue Hospital plastic surgery / medical response team at Ground Zero, 2001. Personal archive photography.

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9/11 medical response · World Trade Center site · New York · 2001. Original colour photography, unaltered.

08 Publications / Commentaries

When the system becomes the problem.

Healthcare Economics
& Governance

Research, analysis and commentary on the economic systems governing surgical care.

  1. 02

    CureusAugust 2026Editorial

    Ghost Rates Under the No Surprises Act: How Insurer Calculations Artificially Lower the Qualifying Payment Amount

    On the composition and auditability of insurer-calculated qualifying payment amounts.

    Read editorial →PubMed 42657172

  2. 03

    CureusAugust 2026Editorial

    The Benchmark That Keeps Losing: What Federal Arbitration Is Revealing About the Qualifying Payment Amount

    What the pattern of federal arbitration outcomes shows about the benchmark itself.

    Read editorial →PubMed 42583040

  3. 04

    CureusJune 2026Journal Article

    Benchmark-Outcome Separation in Federal Independent Dispute Resolution: A Descriptive Analysis of Qualifying Payment Amount and Adjudicated Payment in Complex Repair Claims

    Quantitative analysis of how insurer-calculated benchmarks relate to adjudicated payment.

    Read paper →PubMed 42306020

  4. 05

    CureusJuly 2026Journal Article

    Follow the Cuts in American Healthcare From 2001 to 2026: A Three-Ledger Analysis of Scrutiny-Control Inversion, Payment Restraint, Revenue Capture, and Official Blame

    Separating the visible targets of cost-control policy from the actors with economic control.

    Read publication →PubMed 42535233

  5. 06

    CureusJuly 2026Journal Article

    Visibility Is Not Control: Construct Separation and Variable Attribution in Surgical Reimbursement Policy

    Why the party whose costs are easiest to see is not the party controlling them.

    Read publication →PubMed 42482717

  6. Continue at

    HealthcareGovernance.org →

    Research and commentary on physician economics, reimbursement, the No Surprises Act, independent dispute resolution, and healthcare governance.

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09 About

Andrew Mark Klapper, MD

Different problems. Same instinct.

Board-certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery.
Delray Beach, Florida

Andrew Mark Klapper, MD, photographed outdoors in a dark jacket and open white shirt, with a city skyline behind him.